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The application of titanium and titanium alloys

2024-01-03

Although titanium and titanium alloy materials have abundant reserves, their prices are very expensive. This is because titanium has low chemical activity under high temperature conditions, and its smelting technology and operating environment are very strict. It must be smelted under high temperature and vacuum conditions, often reaching temperatures above 800 ℃, which is much more difficult than steel and iron smelting. Therefore, whenever titanium alloy is mentioned, people think it is a high-end metal material with low production and high price, and few applications.
  
At present, due to the excellent properties of titanium alloy, such as light weight, high strength, and high temperature resistance, titanium and titanium alloy materials are widely used in the manufacturing of cutting-edge weapons and national heavy weapons in various countries, especially suitable for application in the aerospace field. Examples of application areas are as follows:
  
Chemical industry
  
1. Alkali industry
  
The emergence of titanium refrigerators in the alkali production industry can effectively solve the problem of producing substandard chlorine gas due to the unreasonable traditional cooling process. At the same time, it has changed the production landscape of the chlor alkali industry, and the service life of titanium alloy refrigerators invested can reach up to 20 years.
  
2. Salt industry
  
At present, the most advanced salt production process is vacuum salt production, and the high-temperature concentrated salt water generated during this process can cause serious damage to the structure of carbon steel, resulting in equipment leakage. The use of titanium steel composite structure in heating and evaporation chambers can effectively prevent salt scaling, improve salt production quality, and reduce the corrosion of high concentration salt water on the pipe wall during the evaporation process, thereby extending the maintenance period.
  
Aerospace field
  
1. Aviation industry
  
The application of titanium alloy in aviation can be divided into aircraft structural titanium alloy and engine structural titanium alloy. The main application areas of aircraft titanium alloy structural components include landing gear components, frames, beams, fuselage skin, heat shields, etc. The Russian Il-76 aircraft uses high-strength BT22 titanium alloy to manufacture key components such as landing gear and load-bearing beams; The material of the main landing gear transmission crossbeam of Boeing 747 is Ti-6Al-4V, with a forging length of 6.20 meters and a width of 0.95 meters, and a mass of 1545 kilograms; High strength and high toughness Ti-62222S titanium alloy is used in the key parts of the horizontal stabilizer shaft of C-17 aircraft. Titanium alloys are used in aviation engines for compressor discs, blades, drums, high-pressure compressor rotors, compressor casings, and more. The leading edge and tip of the fan blades of the Boeing 747-8GENX engine are equipped with titanium alloy protective sleeves, which have only been replaced three times during their 10-year service life.
  
2. Aerospace industry
  
The working conditions of spacecraft are extremely extreme. In addition to the need for advanced technology in material structure design, the excellent characteristics and functions of materials themselves are also important. Therefore, titanium alloys stand out among many materials. In terms of aerospace equipment, in the 1960s, the wing beams and ribs of the manned and enclosed compartments of the American Apollo program spacecraft were made of Ti-5Al-2.5Sn, while the lining was made of pure titanium; German MT Aerospace Company has prepared a high-strength Ti-15V-3Cr alloy propulsion system storage tank and applied it to the European Alpha communication satellite giant platform; There are many examples of the application of Russian titanium alloys in aerospace engineering, such as the use of BT23 titanium alloy large die forgings and forgings weighing 3.5 tons in the energy launch vehicle. In addition, titanium alloys are also used in fuel tanks of liquid fuel rocket engines, low-temperature liquid storage tanks, and liquid hydrogen transfer pump impellers.
  
Similarly, with the rapid development of domestic aerospace engineering, titanium alloys have also been widely used. From the Dongfang-1 satellite in 1970 to the current Shenzhou series spacecraft and Chang'e probe, titanium alloys have been used. In addition, low-temperature TA7ELI titanium alloy cylinders developed in China for use in liquid hydrogen environments have been used in the Long March series launch vehicles; Harbin Institute of Technology used TC4 titanium alloy to prepare the wheels of the lunar rover; In addition, China also uses high-strength titanium alloys such as BT20 to manufacture components such as missile engine casings and nozzles.
  
Ship field
  
Titanium and titanium alloys are widely used in nuclear submarines, deep submersibles, atomic energy icebreakers, hydrofoils, hovercraft, minesweepers, as well as propeller propellers, whip antennas, seawater pipelines, condensers, heat exchangers, acoustic devices, and firefighting equipment. The American deep-sea submersible "Haiya" is equipped with a titanium observation module and control module, with a diving depth of up to 6100m; Japan's Toho Titanium Company and Fujishin Shipyard jointly built the "Molitshita II" all titanium speedboat, which was popular in the United States for a period of time; The first domestically designed and integrated manned submersible in China, the Jiaolong, also uses titanium alloy. The Jiaolong's operating range covers 99.8% of the global ocean region.

 

 

 

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